Relationship between nutritional factors and clinical outcome in children with tuberculous meningitis / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between nutritional risk status and clinical outcome in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods: The clinical data (basic information, clinical symptoms and laboratory test results) of 112 patients with TBM, who were admitted to Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases of West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University,from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the nutritional risk group and the non-nutritional risk group according to the assessment of the nutritional risk by the STRONGkids Scale. The variables of basic information, clinical symptoms and laboratory test measurements etc. were compared between the two groups by using Student t test, Rank sum test or Chi-square test. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze nutritional risk factors. Results: Among 112 patient with TBM, 55 were males and 57 females. There were 62 cases in the nutritional risk group and 50 cases in the non-nutritional risk group. The proportion of cases with nutritional risk was 55.4% (62/112). Patients in the nutritional risk who lived in rural areas, had symptoms of brain nerve damage, convulsions, emaciation and anorexia, with a diagnosis time of ≥21 days, and the level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein were all higher than those in the non-nutritional risk group ((50 cases (80.6%) vs. 32 cases (64.0%), 20 cases (32.3%) vs.8 cases (16.0%), 33 cases (53.2%) vs. 15 cases (30.0%), 30 cases (48.4%) vs. 2 cases (4.0%), 59 cases (95.2%) vs. 1 case (2.0%),41 cases (66.1%) vs.18 cases (36.0%), 1 406 (1 079, 2 068) vs. 929 (683, 1 208) mg/L, χ2=3.91, 3.90, 6.10, 26.72, 98.58, 10.08, Z=4.35, all P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin,hemoglobin,lymphocyte count, white blood cell count, and CSF glucose were significantly lower in patients with nutritional risk ((36±5) vs. (41±4) g/L, (110±17) vs. (122±14) g/L, 1.4 (1.0, 2.0)vs. 2.3 (1.6, 3.8)×109/L, 7.8 (6.3, 10.0)×109 vs. 10.0 (8.3, 12.8)×109/L, 1.0 (0.8, 1.6) vs. 2.1 (1.3, 2.5) mmol/L, t=-6.15, -4.22, Z=-4.86, -3.92, -4.16, all P<0.05).Increased levels of serum albumin (OR=0.812, 95%CI:0.705-0.935, P=0.004) and lymphocyte count (OR=0.609, 95%CI:0.383-0.970, P=0.037) may reduce the nutritional risk of children with TBM; while convulsions (OR=3.853, 95%CI:1.116-13.308, P=0.033) and increased level of CSF protein (OR=1.001,95%CI:1.000-1.002, P=0.015) may increase the nutritional risk of children with TBM. Similarly, the rate of complications and drug-induced liver injury was higher in the nutritional risk group (47 cases (75.8%) vs. 15 cases(30.0%), 31 cases (50.0%) vs.8 cases (16.0%), χ2=23.50, 14.10, all P<0.05). Moreover, the length of hospital stay was also longer in the nutritional risk group ((27±13) vs. (18±7) d, t=4.38, P<0.05). Conclusions: Children with TBM have a high incidence of nutritional risk. Convulsive, the level of serum albumin, the level of lymphocyte count and CSF protein may affect the nutritional risk of children with TBM. The nutritional risk group has a high incidence of complications and heavy economic burden.It is necessary to carry out nutritional screening and nutritional support for children with TBM as early as possible.

Untreated Prior Pulmonary Tuberculosis Adversely Affects Pregnancy Outcomes in Infertile Women Undergoing / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Prior pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) on chest X-ray (CXR) was commonly found in infertile patients receiving examinations before @*Method@#We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 14,254 infertile patients who had received IVF-ET at Peking University Third Hospital in 2017. Prior PTB was defined as the presence of signs suggestive of old or inactive PTB on CXR, with or without a clinical TB history. Patients who had prior PTB on CXR but had not received a clinical diagnosis and anti-TB therapy were included for analysis. Live birth, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage rates were compared between the untreated PTB and non-PTB groups.@*Results@#The untreated PTB group had significantly lower clinical pregnancy (31.7% @*Conclusions@#Untreated PTB was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET, especially in patients with unexplained infertility, highlighting the clinical significance of PTB in this specific patient population.

Analysis of related factors affecting cumulative live birth rates of the first ovarian hyperstimulation in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle: a population-based study from 17,978 women in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#More and more scholars have called for the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) of a complete ovarian stimulation cycle as a key indicator for assisted reproductive technology. This research aims to study the CLBR of the first ovarian hyperstimulation cycles and analyze the related prognosis factors that might affect the CLBR.@*METHODS@#Our retrospective study included first in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles performed between January 2013 to December 2014. A total of 17,978 couples of first ovarian hyperstimulation IVF/ICSI cycles were included. The study was followed up for 4 years to observe the CLBR. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the prognosis factor, P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*RESULTS@#The cumulative pregnancy rate was 58.14% (10,452/17,978), and the CLBR was 49.66% (8928/17,978). The female age was younger in the live birth group when compared with the non-live birth group (30.81 ± 4.05 vs. 33.09 ± 5.13, P < 0.001). The average duration of infertility was shorter than the non-live birth cohort (4.22 ± 3.11 vs. 5.06 ± 4.08, P < 0.001). The preliminary gonadotropin used and the total number of gonadotropin used were lower in the live birth group when compared with the non-live birth group (both P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the number of oocytes retrieved and transferrable embryos were both significantly higher in the live birth group (15.35 ± 7.98 vs. 11.35 ± 7.60, P < 0.001; 6.66 ± 5.19 vs. 3.62 ± 3.51, P < 0.001, respectively).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The women's age, body mass index, duration of infertility years, infertility factors, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol, the number of acquired oocytes, and number of transferrable embryos are the prognosis factors that significantly affected the CLBR.

Corrigendum to “Effects of Raphani Semen on anti-fatigue and pharmacokinetics of Panax ginseng ” Chinese Herbal Medicines 11 2019 308–313 (Chinese Herbal Medicines (2019) 11(3) (308–313), (S1674638419300413), (10.1016/j.chmed.2019.05.001)) / 中草药·英文版

When this paper was first published the following ethical statement was omitted in error: The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Experimental Animal Management of Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (No. 201807024). All animals were treated in strict accordance with animal ethics procedures and norms. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Effects of ginseng neutral polysaccharide on gut microbiota in antibiotic-associated diarrhea mice / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effect of ginseng neutral polysaccharide on gut microbiota composition and diversity as well as the therapeutic effect for antibiotic associated diarrhea( AAD) in mice. The water-soluble ginseng neutral polysaccharide( WGPN) was purified from water-soluble ginseng polysaccharides( WGP) by DEAE-sepharose fast flow column,which was obtained from the roots of Panax ginseng. AAD mice were induced by gastric gavage with lincomycin hydrochloride,followed by administration of normal saline( natural recovery group,NR) or WGPN( WGPN group) for one week. Body weight changes,psychosis and diarrhea status were observed and assessed. 12 h after the last administration,histological observation of ileum and 16 S rRNA high throughput sequencing analysis of intestinal contents were conducted to identify the effects of WGPN on AAD mice. The results showed that WGPN could alleviate the symptoms of diarrhea in mice,decrease the inflammation and edema of ileum,and increase the length of intestinal villi. As compared to NR mice,WGPN could increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,and significantly decrease the relative abundance of Bacteroides,Streptococcus,Ochrobactrum and Pseudomonas at the genus level. In conclusion,WGPN could improve the gut microecology by recovering the ileum structure and improving the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in AAD mice.

Comparison of Vaginal Gel and Intramuscular Progesterone for Fertilization and Embryo Transfer with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Protocol / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Luteal support is a key to patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-antagonist protocol. This study aimed to compare the effect between vaginal progesterone (VP) and intramuscular progesterone (IMP) with GnRH-antagonist protocol after IVF-ET.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A total of 1760 patients (18 years ≤ age ≤35 years) undergoing IVF-ET with GnRH-antagonist protocol were studied retrospectively between September 2014 and August 2015 in Peking University Third Hospital. In the patients, 1341 patients received VP (VP group) and 419 patients received IMP (IMP group) as luteal support. We compared clinical outcomes between these two groups. The primary objective of the study was the live birth rate. Measurement data between the two groups were conducted using independent samples t-test. The variables in line with non-normal distribution were expressed as median (p25 and p75) and were compared using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test.</p><p><b>Results</b>Live birth rate in VP group was 38.55%, significantly higher than that in the IMP group, which was 30.79% (χ = 8.287, P = 0.004). The clinical intrauterine pregnancy rate and implantation rate in VP group were also significantly higher than those in the IMP group (clinical intrauterine pregnancy rate 47.35% vs. 41.29%, χ = 4.727, P = 0.030; implantation rate 30.99% vs. 25.26%, χ = 14.546, P < 0.001). Any statistically significant differences in ectopic pregnancy and abortion rates between two groups were not observed.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>: Luteal support with VP had better clinical outcomes for young women undergoing IVF-ET with GnRH-antagonist protocol.</p>

Expression and significance of IL-35 in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To observe the expression of IL-35 in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP),and to complement the pathogenesis.Methods:The clinical data and nasal polyp tissues of CRSwNP who were hospitalized from May 2016 to April 2017 were randomly selected.The subjective symptoms were scored by visual analogue scale (VAS),the nasal endoscopy score by Lanza-Kennedy,and the CT score by Lund-Mackay.The IL-35 mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR in nasal polyp tissues,while the IL-35, IL-17 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA.Results: A total of 51 patients of the clinical data and nasal polyp tissues were collected.Among them,30 males and 21 females had the mean age of (43.3 ± 15.1) years,the VAS score was (5.5 ± 1.7),the Endoscopy score was(6.4±2.0),the CT score was(11.7±3.8).Our results of Real-time PCR and ELISA analysis showed that IL-35 mRNA and protein expression was significantly decreased in CRSwNP compared with normal nasal mucosa (P<0.05).But IL-17 and IL-10 were significantly increased by ELISA in CRSwNP compared with normal nasal mucosa (P<0.05).Conclusion: These data suggest that IL-35 may play an important role in the development and progression of CRSwNP.

Construction and identification of the recombinant adenovirus expressing the short hairpin RNA targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten gene / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the recombinant adenovirus expression vector of a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) gene for gene therapy of ischemic cerebral injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The U6 expression promoter and shRNA of pGenesil-1-shRNA, which was constructed and identified in our previous experiment, were subcloned to pAdTrack shuttle plasmid. The product pAdTrack-U6-shRNA was linearized by PmeI for homologous recombination with pAdEasy-1 in pAdEasy-1 competence bacteria. The positive clone was identified by enzyme digestion, PCR analysis and DNA sequence analysis. After linearization by PacI, the recombinant adenovirus DNA shuttle plasmid pAdEasy-U6-shRNA was transfected into 293 cells for packaging and amplification of Ad-U6-shRNA, which was further identified by PCR analysis and DNA sequence analysis. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PTEN protein in the hippocampal neurons infected with the adenovirus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pAdTrack-U6-shRNA and pAd-U6-shRNA plasmids had been successfully constructed as verified by PCR analysis, enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis. PCR analysis and DNA sequence analysis confirmed successful packaging of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-U6-shRNA in 293 cells. PTEN protein expression decreased significantly in the hippocampal neurons after infection by the recombinant virus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We have successfully constructed the recombinant adenovirus Ad-U6-shRNA targeting PTEN gene, which provides a basis for investigating the role of PTEN in neuroprotection after cerebral ischemic injury using RNA interference.</p>

NR2B-pERK1/2-pElk-1 signaling contributes to the avoidance learning and memory of rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate whether NR2B-pERK1/2-pElk-1 signaling contributes to the Y-maze learning and memory of rat brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>45 adult male SD rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) Ifenprodil peritoneal injection group (Ifenprodil ip, n = 14); (2) DMSO peritoneal injection group(DMSO ip, n = 15); (3) Ifenprodil cerebral ventricle injection group (Ifenprodil ic, n = 8); (4) DMSO cerebral ventricle injection group(DMSO ic, n = 8). Y-maze training and test were used as an learning and memory enhancing stimulus. Immunohistochemical and Western blotting methods were used for detecting pERK1/2 and pElk-1 expression intensity of different brain regions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the DMSO ip group, the ifenprodil ip group showed no change on the Y-maze learning score (P > 0.05), but its Y-maze memory score tested 24 after learning decreased (P < 0.05). Ifenprodil peritoneal injection made brain pERK1/2 and pElk-1 expression decreased generally. In hippocampus, marginal division of striatum(MrD), amygdala,these changes were more significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the DMSO ic group, the reconsolidation of Y-maze memory tested 6 hours after ifenprodil injection was impaired in ifenprodil ic group (P < 0.05). The OD value of pERK1/2 and pElk-1 positive bands in ifenprodil ic group attenuated generally. The pElk-1 positive bands of caudate putamen and MrD almost disappeared in ifenprodil ic group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NR2B is essential for the formation of long-term memory, reconsolidation of Y-maze memory. The deactivation of NR2B by ifenprodil will impair these courses. Meanwhile, the deactivation of NR2B attenuates pERK1/2 and pElk-1 expression of learning and memory related regions after Y-maze learning and memory reconsolidation test. In MrD and caudate putamen, the pElk-1 expression are completely blocked by ifenprodil after memory reconsolidation test.</p>